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呼吸道合胞病毒（Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）作为诱发免疫低下人群严重下呼吸道感染（Respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease, RSV-LRTD）的主要病原体，其疫苗研发长期受困于抗原变异、免疫力不持久及缺乏理想动物模型等挑战。反向疫苗学（Reverse vaccinology, RV）通过整合基因组学、结构生物学和计算免疫学，实现了疫苗抗原的科学筛选与优化整合，显著推进了呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗从基础研究到临床应用的转化进程。本文系统综述了反向疫苗学在RSV疫苗领域的应用进展：早期锁定关键抗原F蛋白和G蛋白；中期解析并优化蛋白构象；近期预测并联合多表位设计得到广谱保护疫苗；未来，基于反向疫苗学的人工智能辅助抗原设计、通用多联疫苗开发及针对不同高危人群的免疫策略优化是RSV疫苗研发的重要方向。
Abstract：Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is a major pathogen responsible for severe lower respiratory tract disease(RSV-LRTD) in immunocompromised individuals. However, RSV vaccine development has long been constrained by antigenic variability, short-lived immunity, and the lack of suitable animal models. Reverse vaccinology(RV), by integrating genomics, structural biology, and computational immunology, enables the rational selection and optimization of vaccine antigens, thereby greatly accelerating the translation of RSV vaccines from basic research to clinical application. This review summarizes the application of RV in RSV vaccine research: early identification of the key antigens F and G proteins; subsequent structural characterization and conformational optimization; and more recent computational prediction and multi-epitope combinatorial design, which have yielded broadly protective vaccine candidates. Looking ahead, AI-assisted antigen design, the development of universal multivalent vaccines, and the optimization of immunization strategies tailored to different high-risk populations are expected to become important directions in RSV vaccine development.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250224
中图分类号:R392
引用信息:
[1]周振威,任思蕊.反向疫苗学在呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗研发中的应用[J].病毒学报().DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250224.
2025-10-28
2025-10-28
2025-10-28