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人偏肺病毒（Human metapneumovirus, HMPV）自2001年被发现以来，已成为全球范围内重要的呼吸道病原体，尤其对儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下者构成严重健康威胁。本文系统综述了HMPV的流行病学特征、诊断技术演进及临床影响。流行病学方面，HMPV呈现全球流行，在5岁以下急性呼吸道感染住院儿童中检出率为5%～10%，季节模式因地理纬度而异，温带地区冬春高发，热带地区常年流行。诊断技术已从传统、低灵敏度的病毒培养方法，演进为以逆转录聚合酶链反应为核心的分子诊断技术，特别是多重RT-PCR的广泛应用显著提升了病原检出率与诊断效率。尽管诊断能力大幅提升，目前治疗仍以支持为主，缺乏特异性的抗病毒药物或疫苗，凸显了进一步的科研与公共卫生需求。
Abstract：Since its discovery in 2001, human metapneumovirus(HMPV) has emerged as a major respiratory pathogen globally, posing a significant health threat, particularly to children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. This review systematically summarizes the epidemiological features, evolution of diagnostic technologies, and clinical implications of HMPV. Epidemiologically, HMPV is globally prevalent, with detection rates ranging from 5% to 10% among children under five years old hospitalized with acute respiratory infections. Its seasonal patterns vary by geographic latitude, with peaks in winter and spring in temperate regions, and year-round circulation in tropical regions. Diagnostic technologies have advanced from traditional viral culture methods, which are characterized by low sensitivity, to molecular diagnostic techniques centered on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The widespread use of multiplex RTPCR has significantly improved pathogen detection rates and diagnostic efficiency. Despite these advancements in diagnostic capabilities, treatment remains largely supportive, with no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines available, highlighting the ongoing need for further research and public health efforts.
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中图分类号:R181.3;R563.1
引用信息:
[1]曹玉瑞,张一奇,隋雪,等.人偏肺病毒流行病学与诊断技术研究进展[J].病毒学报().
2026-04-03
2026-04-03
2026-04-03