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目的 为明确2024年8月海南省昌江黎族自治县的狂犬病病例传播来源，本研究对患者唾液、脑脊液及全血样本，以及伤人犬的唾液和脑组织样本进行了实验室检测与基因序列分析。方法采用聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase chain reaction, PCR）和快速荧光灶抑制试验（Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, RFFIT）对样本进行核酸和中和抗体检测；应用Geneious Prime和MAFFT等生物信息学软件对获得的病毒序列进行拼接、比对，并采用最大似然法构建系统发育树。结果 实验室检测结果显示，该病例狂犬病病毒检测阳性，所感染毒株属于China Ⅰ进化分支，其核蛋白（N）基因序列与2025年3月在病例居住的同一乡镇（昌江黎族自治县七叉镇）采集的犬脑组织样本（HI25D01）中的狂犬病病毒序列完全一致。系统发育分析表明，该毒株与广西毒株GXBH2021、GXBH2020和GXLZ2022位于同一进化分支，且与广西株GXBH2021的核苷酸同源性达99.78%。结论 结果表明病例感染毒株可能在当地犬群中稳定循环，传染隐患亟待消除。此外，海南与隔海相望的广西之间可能存在狂犬病的流行传播。
Abstract：Objective To determine the transmission source of a human rabies case reported in Changjiang County, Hainan Province, in August 2024 through laboratory testing and genomic analysis. Methods Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and whole blood samples from the patient, as well as saliva and brain tissue samples from the biting dog, were collected. Rabies virus(RABV) RNA and virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test(RFFIT), respectively. Viral sequences were assembled and aligned using Geneious Prime and MAFFT, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum likelihood method. Results The patient tested positive for RABV, and the infecting strain was classified within the China I lineage. The nucleoprotein(N) gene sequence was identical to that of a RABV strain(HI25D01) obtained from a dog brain sample collected in March 2025 in Qicha Town, the same locality where the patient resided. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate clustered with Guangxi strains(GXBH2021, GXBH2020, and GXLZ2022) within the same lineage and shared 99.78% nucleotide identity with strain GXBH2021. Conclusion The results indicate that the infecting strain has the potential to establish a stable cycle within the local dog population, posing an ongoing transmission risk. In addition, a potential epidemiological linkage between rabies transmission in Hainan and neighboring Guangxi is suggested, highlighting the need for strengthened regional surveillance and control measures.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260114
中图分类号:R512.99
引用信息:
[1]张明慧,林小政,许晓诺,等.海南2024年狂犬病病例的病原基因特征分析[J].病毒学报,2026,42(03):859-864.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260114.
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