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乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus, HBV）感染作为全球性公共卫生问题，其致病过程以肝细胞损伤及炎症反应为特征。外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的纳米级胞外囊泡，具有脂质双分子层结构，能够运载核酸与蛋白分子等活性成分，广泛分布于生物体液中。这类囊泡通过独特的生物合成与释放机制，参与调控机体免疫应答、细胞迁移及肿瘤发生等生理病理过程。近年研究揭示，HBV感染肝细胞释放的外泌体可通过传递病毒组分及调节信号，促进肝炎进展、纤维化形成及血管新生，从而加速疾病恶化。外泌体在病毒传播与宿主免疫调节网络中的关键作用日益明确，对其作用机制的深入探索将为乙型肝炎的诊断技术革新、治疗策略优化及药物研发提供实践方向。
Abstract：Hepatitis B virus( HBV) infection remains a major global public health challenge, with its pathogenic process primarily characterized by hepatocellular injury and inflammatory responses. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by a wide range of cell types, possessing a lipid bilayer membrane and the capacity to transport biologically active molecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, and are widely distributed in body fluids. Through distinct biogenetic and release pathways, exosomes participate in the regulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes, such as immune responses, cell migration, and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes released from HBV-infected hepatocytes can facilitate hepatitis progression, fibrogenesis, and angiogenesis by transferring viral components and modulating cellular signaling pathways, thereby accelerating disease progression. The pivotal roles of exosomes in viral transmission and host immune regulatory networks are becoming increasingly evident. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is expected to provide valuable insights for innovations in HBV diagnostic approaches, optimization of therapeutic strategies, and the development of novel antiviral agents.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R512.62
引用信息:
[1]唐晓莉,王朝富,王沙沙,等.乙型肝炎病毒传播、感染、治疗中外泌体的促进作用研究进展[J].病毒学报().
2026-03-02
2026-03-02
2026-03-02