病毒学报

目的了解贵州省2024年儿童流感样病例中人腺病毒的流行病学规律及分子分型特征。方法收集贵州省2024年儿童流感样病例咽拭子5998份，利用多重荧光定量PCR方法检测人腺病毒(Human adenovirus,HAdV)，采用SPSS 22对检测数据进行χ²检验分析；筛选合格HAdV阳性样本进行Hexon/Penton base/Fiber基因测序，采用MEGA等软件进行基因分型分析。结果共检出HAdV阳性样本455份，检出率为7.59%,HAdV不同性别检出率差异无统计学意义(P=0.634)；不同年龄、不同季节检出率P≤0.001，差异有统计学意义；其中3～6岁组的检出率最高为11.56%(149/1289)；夏季检出率最高为9.99%(210/2102)。HAdV合并感染检出率为2.85%(171/5998)，其中以HAdV与HRV的合并感染检出最多，占比16.96%(29/171)。共获得26条HAdV的Hexon/Penton base/Fiber基因序列，其中HAdV-B型17株(B3型13株、B21型4株)，HAdV-C型6株(C1型2株、C2型2株、C5型2株)，3株由HAdV-C1、HAdV-C2组成的重组病毒。结论HAdV是贵州省2024年儿童流感样病例的重要病原体之一。HAdV-B3为主要流行株，HAdV-B21、HAdV-C1、HAdV-C2、HAdV-C5以及重组株均为低水平流行。儿童流感样病例中存在与HAdV的合并感染，主要的合并感染病毒为HRV，托幼机构的人群聚集是导致HAdV感染的重要原因之一。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of human adenovirus( HAdV) among influenza-like illness( ILI) cases in children in Guizhou Province in 2024.Methods A total of 5,998 throat swab specimens were collected from pediatric ILI cases in Guizhou Province in 2024. HAdV was detected using multiplex real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,data were analyzed using the χ² test with SPSS 22. Qualified HAdV positive samples were selected for sequencing of the Hexon, Penton base, and Fiber genes, and molecular typing was performed using MEGA and related software.Results A total of 455 HAdV positive samples were detected, with a detection rate of 7.59%. No significant difference in HAdV detection rates was observed between genders(P = 0.634). However, significant differences were found among different age groups and seasons( P ≤ 0.001). The highest detection rate was observed in children aged 3–6 years( 11.56%, 149/1,289) and during summer( 9.99%, 210/2,102). The detection rate of HAdV coinfection was 2.85%(171/5,998), with HAdV – HRV co-infection being the most common(16.96%, 29/171). A total of 26 HAdV Hexon/Penton base/Fiber gene sequences were obtained, including 17 HAdV-B strains( 13 B3 and 4 B21), 6 HAdV-C strains( 2 C1, 2 C2, and 2 C5), and 3 recombinant strains derived from HAdV-C1 and HAdV-C2. Conclusion Human adenovirus is an important pathogen among pediatric influenza-like illness cases in Guizhou Province in 2024. HAdV-B3 was the predominant circulating genotype, while HAdV-B21, HAdV-C1, HAdV-C2, HAdV-C5, and recombinant strains circulated at low levels. Co-infection involving HAdV was observed, mainly with HRV. Population crowding in kindergartens and childcare institutions may contribute to the transmission of HAdV among children.