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针对大型粒子加速器与核聚变装置中射频功率源系统的关键需求，文章系统研究了大功率真空四极管放大器的精确建模与多目标优化设计方法。通过建立包含空间电流分配、极间电容效应及热致跨导衰减的非线性等效模型，精确描述了四极管在高频、高功率条件下的电气特性。基于负载线分析与十三点法确定了静态工作点，并采用多目标遗传算法（NSGA-II）对阳极电压利用系数栅极电压负载阻抗行动态优化，以实现效率、线性度（IMD3）与功耗的Pareto最优权衡。实验验证表明，优化后的放大器在44.5 MHz频点实现150 kW输出，效率达71.35%,IMD3改善至-29.1 dB，较传统设计提升显著。文章为高功率射频系统提供了从精确建模、静态设计到动态优化的解决方案，显著提升了大科学装置中功率放大器的性能与可靠性。
Abstract：Addressing the critical requirements of RF power amplifier systems in large-scale particle accelerators and nuclear fusion devices, this paper investigates the precise modeling and multi-objective optimization design of high-power vacuum tetrode amplifiers. A nonlinear equivalent model incorporating space current distribution, inter-electrode capacitance effects, and thermally-induced transconductance decay was established to accurately describe the electrical characteristics of tetrodes under high-frequency and high-power conditions. Static operating points were determined based on load-line analysis and the thirteen-point method. A multi-objective genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) was employed to dynamically optimize the anode voltage utilization coefficient, grid voltage, and load impedance, achieving Pareto-optimal trade-offs among efficiency, linearity(IMD3), and power consumption. Experimental validation demonstrated that the optimization achieved 150 kW output at 44.5 MHz with an efficiency of 71.35% and an IMD3 improved to-29.1 dB, representing a significant enhancement over conventional designs. This research provides a comprehensive solution from precise modeling and static design to dynamic optimization for high-power RF systems, significantly improving the performance and reliability of power amplifiers in large-scale scientific installations.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13922/j.cnki.cjvst.202509016
中图分类号:TN722
引用信息:
[1]王志宇,李艳东,王旭东,等.大功率真空四极管放大器建模和优化设计[J].真空科学与技术学报,2026,46(03):221-228.DOI:10.13922/j.cnki.cjvst.202509016.
基金信息:
无锡市科技发展资金项目（G20233004）
2025-11-04
2025-11-04
2025-11-04