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超高速磁悬浮交通系统的发展离不开装配式低真空管道，但在长期运营中地基等差异沉降引起管道变形、与真空压力耦合容易导致结构接头破坏、密封失效。研究利用低真空管道实验平台开展了低真空管道结构模型试验，并结合数值模拟分析了差异沉降与真空压力耦合作用下装配式管道结构力学行为。研究结果表明，在真空压力作用下，管道结构发生环向受压、轴向受拉变形；当管道接头发生竖向位移，管道受力变形增大，并随着位移增大，管道环向与轴向应力出现了强弱交替、内力重分布现象；当管接头竖向位移为2 mm时，管道环向均受压，而轴向的拱顶部受拉、拱底部受压；但当竖向位移达到5 mm时，管道轴向拱顶部最大拉应力为4.67 MPa，拱底部最大压应力为-5.46 MPa，环向应力发生分布不均现象。外部极端差异沉降对管道结构受力变形影响较大，对装配式管道结构设计提出了更高要求。
Abstract：The development of ultra-high-speed maglev transportation systems relies on prefabricated lowvacuum pipelines, but during long-term operation, differential settlement of foundations causes pipeline deformation, which coupled with vacuum pressure easily leads to structural joint failure and sealing failure. In this study, a low-vacuum pipeline experimental platform was employed to conduct structural model tests, and numerical simulations were further used to analyze the mechanical behavior of prefabricated pipelines under the coupled effects of differential settlement and vacuum pressure. The results show that vacuum pressure causes circumferential compression and axial tensile deformation of the pipeline. When vertical displacement occurs at the joints, pipeline stress and deformation increase, and with increasing displacement, both circumferential and axial stresses exhibit alternating strong–weak patterns accompanied by internal force redistribution. When the vertical displacement of joints is 2 mm, the circumference of the pipeline remains under compression, while the axial direction experiences tensile stress at the crown and compressive stress at the invert. When the vertical displacement reaches 5 mm, the maximum axial tensile stress at the crown is 4.67 MPa, the maximum compressive stress at the invert is –5.46 MPa,and the circumferential stress distribution becomes non-uniform. These findings indicate that extreme differential settlement has a pronounced effect on the stress and deformation of pipeline structures, thereby placing higher demands on the structural design of prefabricated low-vacuum pipelines.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13922/j.cnki.cjvst.202507019
中图分类号:U237;U171
引用信息:
[1]夏志鹏,王剑宏,刁芊滕,等.差异沉降下装配式低真空管道的结构力学行为研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2026,46(02):168-176.DOI:10.13922/j.cnki.cjvst.202507019.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（52130808;52178390）
2025-10-22
2025-10-22
2025-10-22