学习与实践

工业机器人作为制造业智能转型升级的核心载体，在助力科技自立自强、实现关键核心技术突破等方面发挥重要作用。基于2012-2023年A股制造业上市公司数据，实证分析了工业机器人应用对企业关键核心技术突破的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，工业机器人应用显著促进了企业关键核心技术突破。机制分析表明，工业机器人应用通过优化劳动结构、缓解融资约束以及促进协同创新，推动企业实现关键核心技术突破。异质性分析表明，在高科技行业、资本密集型企业以及创新网络密度高的地区中，工业机器人应用对企业关键核心技术突破的促进效应更为显著。在面对外部冲击时，工业机器人应用对企业关键核心技术突破仍具有显著正向影响，展现了工业机器人应用的创新韧性。因此，应加快工业机器人在制造业中的深度应用，强化高水平人才培养与岗位适配，完善智能制造领域融资支持机制，鼓励搭建协同研发平台，不断增强关键核心技术自主突破能力。

As the core carrier of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,industrial robots play an important role in helping China achieve self-reliance and strength in science and technology and the breakthrough in key and core technology. Based on the data of A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2012 to 2023,this paper empirically examines the impact of industrial robot application on the breakthrough in key and core technology of enterprises and its mechanism. It is found that the application of industrial robots has significantly promoted the breakthrough in key and core technologies of enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that industrial robot application promotes enterprises to achieve breakthrough in key and core technology by optimizing labor structure,alleviating financing constraints and promoting collaborative innovation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in high-tech industries,capital-intensive enterprises and regions with high density of innovation networks,industrial robot application has a more significant effect on the breakthrough of key and core technology. Further analysis shows that in the face of the external impact,industrial robot application still has a significant positive impact on the breakthrough in key and core technology of enterprises,showing the innovation resilience of industrial robot application. Therefore,we should speed up the indepth application of industrial robots in the manufacturing industry,strengthen the training of high-level talents and job adaptation,improve the financing support mechanism in the field of intelligent manufacturing,build a collaborative R&D support platform,and continuously enhance the independent breakthrough ability of key core technologies.