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在集约化家禽养殖中，为提高生长速度和饲料利用率而进行的快速遗传选择，虽然提高了家禽生产力，但也导致家禽支持系统发育与体重增长不匹配；加之母体效应、营养因素、非营养性因素等的影响，使家禽骨骼疾病的发病率不断上升，进而影响家禽生产性能与繁殖性能。家禽主要通过软骨内骨化、膜内骨化、骨重塑、骨重建等实现骨骼发育。本综述总结了营养因素（如能量、蛋白质、脂质、微量元素、维生素）、母体效应（营养物质转移和表观遗传编程）以及非营养性添加剂（如植酸酶、益生菌等）在禽类骨骼生长中的调节作用，及其调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性、骨矿化和代谢稳态中的机制，以期为调节家禽骨骼发育、推进家禽骨代谢研究和家禽遗传育种计划提供新思路。
Abstract：In intensive poultry farming， what has enhanced poultry productivity is rapid genetic selection aimed at improving growth rate and feed efficiency; however， this selection has led to a mismatch between the development of poultry’s skeletal support system and body weight gain. Additionally， interference from maternal effects， nutritional factors， non-nutritional factors， and other related factors has resulted in a continuous increase in the incidence of skeletal diseases in poultry， which in turn impairs their production and reproductive performance. Poultry achieve skeletal development mainly through processes such as endochondral ossification， intramembranous ossification， bone remodeling， and bone reconstruction. This review summarizes the regulatory roles of nutritional factors (e.g.， energy， protein， lipids， trace elements， and vitamins)， maternal effects (nutrient transfer and epigenetic programming)， and non-nutritional additives (e.g.， phytase and probiotics) in avian skeletal growth， as well as the mechanisms underlying the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity， bone mineralization， and metabolic homeostasis. It is expected to provide new insights for regulating poultry skeletal development， advancing research on avian bone metabolism， and optimizing poultry genetic breeding strategies.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S83
引用信息:
[1]刘佳明,杨文艳,杨连玉.家禽骨骼发育调控的研究进展[J].经济动物学报().
基金信息:
吉林省自然科学基金（20240101232JC）
2025-12-12
2025-12-12
2025-12-12