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为揭示紫貂头骨的性二型差异，构建基于头骨形态的性别鉴定方法，测量50个已知性别紫貂头骨的10个形态指标（颅全长、颅基长、腭长、颧宽、眶间宽、后头宽、听泡长、听泡宽、上齿列长及下齿列长）。通过描述性分析和主成分分析筛选雌、雄间差异显著的形态指标，并构建性别判别函数，用于鉴定未知性别的紫貂头骨。结果表明：紫貂头骨的颅全长、颅基长、腭长、颧宽、眶间宽、后头宽、上齿列长及下齿列长均存在显著的性二型差异（P<0.05），听泡长和听泡宽无显著性差异（P>0.05）；在构建的性别判别函数中，单变量中的颅全长、颅基长，以及组合变量中的颅全长+上齿列长、颅基长+上齿列长、颅全长+颧宽+上齿列长、颅全长+颅基长+颧宽+上齿列长、颅全长+下齿列长、颅全长+上齿列长+下齿列长、颅全长+颅基长+上齿列长+下齿列长、颅全长+颧宽+上齿列长+下齿列长、颅全长+颅基长+颧宽+上齿列长+下齿列长的性别鉴定结果与分子生物学鉴定结果一致，准确率均为100%。研究结果说明基于头骨形态学的紫貂性别鉴定方法科学有效。
Abstract：To understand the sexual dimorphism of the sable skull and to identify the evidence used for sex determination based on skull characteristics, 10 indices(profile length, basal length, median palatal length, least breadth between the orbits, zygomatic breadth, length of tympanic bulla, width of tympanic bulla, greatest skull width, upper tooth row length, lower tooth row length) from 50 sable skulls with known sexes were measured. Descriptive analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to explore the sexual dimorphism of the skull, followed by discriminant analysis for sex identification on samples with the unknown sexes. The results indicated significant sexual dimorphism in 8 skull indices between male and female sable skulls(P<0.05), with the exception of the length and width of the tympanic bulla(P>0.05). According to the discrimination functions, single-variable identification based on profile length and basal length matched the results of molecular biological sex identification with an accuracy rate of 100%. The identification results of the nine combined variable groups, including profile length+upper tooth row length, basal length+upper tooth row length, profile length+zygomatic width+upper tooth row length, profile length+basal length+zygomatic width+upper tooth row length, profile length+lower tooth row length, profile length+upper tooth row length+lower tooth row length, profile length+basal length+upper tooth row length+lower tooth row length, profile length+zygomatic width+upper tooth row length+lower tooth row length, and profile length+basal length+zygomatic width+upper tooth row length+lower tooth row length were also in agreement with the outcomes of molecular biological sex identification with achieving 100% accuracy. This research demonstrates the scientific validity and effectiveness of the skull morphology-based sex identification method for the sable.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13326/j.jea.2026.2138
中图分类号:S865.22
引用信息:
[1]曾学姣,赵禧龙,Vladimir G Monakhov,等.紫貂头骨的性二型差异及性别鉴定分析[J].经济动物学报,2026,30(02):122-127.DOI:10.13326/j.jea.2026.2138.
基金信息:
国家科技基础资源调查专项（2023FY100405）
2025-09-08
2025-09-08
2025-09-08