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马属动物（马、驴、骡等）在乳肉生产、役用与竞技运动中具有重要经济价值，并在生物医学研究中发挥支撑作用。集约化饲养与高精料饲喂虽提升了生产效率，但叠加饲养密度、日粮结构单一与运输/训练等应激，可诱发后肠菌群失衡、屏障功能受损与免疫波动，进而造成消化道疾病、代谢紊乱、皮肤炎症及专项性能下降等问题。传统抗生素类添加剂在防病促生长方面曾有效，但耐药性、残留与环境风险推动绿色替代成为趋势。寡糖与酵母及其衍生物存在天然的功能协同性：寡糖作为益生元，具有耐热稳定、无残留等特点，可在后肠被有益菌发酵产生短链脂肪酸，进而调控肠道微生态、免疫与能量代谢；酵母及其衍生物富含小肽、核苷酸及β-葡聚糖、甘露寡糖等活性组分，可改善纤维消化、增强黏膜免疫并缓解应激。本文系统综述壳寡糖、甘露寡糖、果寡糖、异麦芽寡糖等主要类型的理化特性与在马属动物体内的代谢特点，以及酵母水解物、酵母多糖/细胞壁提取物和酿酒酵母制剂的活性成分与适配性；重点归纳其对肠道菌群平衡、屏障功能、免疫炎症以及皮肤与肝脏等代谢器官的调控作用，并总结对生长、运动与繁殖性能的影响与潜在机制；同时分析现阶段研究在物种/品种特异性、剂量标准化与规模化验证等方面的不足，提出面向精准营养与产业化应用的研究方向，为马属动物绿色高效养殖提供参考。
Abstract：Equine animals (horses， donkeys， mules， etc.) have important economic value in milk and meat production， draught work and competitive sports， and also play a supporting role in biomedical research. Although intensive feeding and high-concentrate diet improve production efficiency， combined with stress such as high feeding density， single diet structure， transportation and training， they can induce hindgut microbial imbalance， barrier function damage and immune fluctuation， thus causing gastrointestinal diseases， metabolic disorders， skin inflammation and decline of specific performance. Traditional antibiotic additives have been effective in disease prevention and growth promotion， but the risks of drug resistance， residue and environmental pollution have driven the trend of green alternatives. Oligosaccharides and yeast and its derivatives have natural functional synergy: as prebiotics， oligosaccharides have the characteristics of heat resistance， stability and no residue， and can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the hindgut to produce short-chain fatty acids， thereby regulating intestinal microecology， immunity and energy metabolism; yeast and its derivatives are rich in active components such as small peptides， nucleotides， β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides， which can improve fiber digestion， enhance mucosal immunity and alleviate stress. This paper systematically reviewed the physicochemical properties and metabolic characteristics in equine animals of main types of oligosaccharides including chitosan oligosaccharide， mannan oligosaccharide， fructooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide， as well as the active components and adaptability of yeast hydrolysate， yeast polysaccharide/cell wall extract and Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparation; focused on summarizing their regulatory effects on intestinal microbial balance， barrier function， immune inflammation and metabolic organs such as skin and liver， and concluded the effects and potential mechanisms on growth， exercise and reproductive performance; meanwhile， analyzed the deficiencies of current research in species/breed specificity， dose standardization and large-scale verification， and proposed research directions for precise nutrition and industrial application， so as to provide reference for green and efficient breeding of equine animals.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S816.7
引用信息:
[1]温张昕瀚,殷昱含,王胜,等.寡糖和酵母及其衍生物对马属动物健康与生产性能的影响研究进展[J].经济动物学报().
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1302000）; 河北省现代农业产业技术体系项目（HBCT2024280203）; 东阿阿胶股份有限公司-中国农业大学校企合作项目(CRP-DE-2025-268)
2026-04-14
2026-04-14
2026-04-14