经济动物学报

抗菌肽是自然界中广泛存在的一类小肽，具有抑制细菌生长的能力。以往研究表明鹿血中的生物活性成分具有抗菌作用。为探究鹿血生物活性肽的抗菌组分分布及应用前景，本实验以鹿血冻干粉为原料，以抑菌实验为筛选指标，首先通过单因素优化筛选最佳酶解条件，随后对鹿血酶解产物进行分级超滤并测定分子量分布，后续确定多肽的最低抑菌浓度并建立时间杀菌曲线，最后利用CCK-8测定细胞毒性并对多肽的氨基酸组成进行鉴定。实验结果显示，酶活为2000 u/g的木瓜蛋白酶为最佳蛋白酶，酶解时长为5 h，pH = 6。鹿血生物活性肽的相对分子量分布主要集中在3 kDa以下（97.10%），无细胞毒性且其中含有较高水平的疏水氨基酸（44.20%）和碱性氨基酸（21.4%）。本研究结果表明，鹿血生物活性肽具有一定的体外抗菌能力。

Antimicrobial peptides are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and have the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Previous studies have shown that the bioactive components in deer blood have antibacterial effects in vitro. In order to explore the distribution of antimicrobial components and application prospects of deer blood bioactive peptides， this experiment took deer blood lyophilized powder as raw material and antibacterial test as screening index. Firstly， the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were selected through single factor optimization， and then the molecular weight distribution of deer blood enzymatic hydrolysis products was determined by fractional ultrafiltration， and then the minimum inhibitory concentration of polypeptides was determined and the time sterilization curve was established. Finally， the cytotoxicity was determined by CCK-8 and the amino acid composition of the polypeptide was identified. The results showed that papain with enzyme activity of 2000 u/g was the best protease， enzymatic hydrolysis time was 5 h， pH = 6. The relative molecular weight distribution of deer blood bioactive peptides was mainly concentrated below 3 kDa (97.10%)， without cytotoxicity and containing high levels of hydrophobic amino acids (44.20%) and alkaline amino acids (21.4%). The results of this study indicate that deer blood bioactive peptides have antimicrobial activity in vitro.