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肠道健康对仔貉生长发育至关重要，饲料蛋白供给是调控其肠道菌群组成的关键因素之一。为评估不同蛋白源（鱼粉、玉米酒糟干粉）饲料对仔貉空肠微生物组成、结构及潜在功能的影响，选取9周龄健康雄性吉左黑貉10只，随机分为2组，鱼粉（RDP）和玉米酒糟干粉（SDP），每组5只，每个重复1只仔貉，预饲期4 d，正试期45 d，试验结束屠宰并采集空肠内容物，对16S rRNA基因的V3～V4测序。结果表明：与SDP组相比，RDP组Observed features与Chao1指数显著升高（P<0.05）,Shannon指数与Simpson指数无显著差异（P>0.05）；基于Bray-curtis的PCoA和NMDS结果，菌群结构呈一定分离趋势，PERMANOVA和相似性分析结果表明，菌群结构无显著差异（P>0.05）。2组在门和属水平上的优势细菌类群存在差异，RDP组变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、异普雷沃氏菌属（Alloprevotella）、双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）相对丰度较高；SDP组厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）占比更高，苏黎世杆菌属（Turicibacter）与乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）较丰富。差异分析显示，RDP组变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、异普雷沃氏菌属（Alloprevotella）、活泼瘤胃球菌（Ruminococcus gnavus）、塞利单胞菌属（Sellimonas）丰度显著增加（P<0.05）。韦恩分析结果表明，RDP组具有9个特征属，SDP组具有2个特征属。功能预测结果表明，RDP组运输与分解代谢、叶酸介导的一碳代谢池、其他糖链降解等通路增强；SDP组能量代谢相关通路升高。说明不同蛋白源与仔貉空肠菌群丰度、部分差异类群及预测功能通路的变化相关，研究结果为仔貉育成期蛋白源选择及微生态调控提供参考。
Abstract：Gut health is essential for the growth and development of raccoon dogs, and dietary protein supply is a key factor modulating the composition of their gut microbiota. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of diets formulated with different protein sources(fish meal or corn distillers dried grains with solubles, DDGS) on the jejunal microbial composition, community structure, and predicted functions in juvenile raccoon dogs. Ten healthy 9-week-old male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to two groups(fish meal: RDP; corn DDGS: SDP), with five animals per group and one animal per replicate. After a 4-day adaptation period, the feeding trial lasted 45 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and jejunal digesta were collected for 16S rRNA gene(V3-V4) sequencing. Compared with the SDP group, the RDP group showed significantly higher observed features and Chao1 indices(P<0.05), while Shannon and Simpson indices were not different(P>0.05). Principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray-Curtis distances indicated a certain separation trend, but PERMANOVA and ANOSIM were not significant(P>0.05). The dominant taxa differed between groups at the phylum and genus levels. The RDP group had higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Alloprevotella, and Bifidobacterium, whereas the SDP group showed a higher proportion of Firmicutes, Turicibacter and Lactobacillus. Differential analysis revealed significant increases of Proteobacteria, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Sellimonas in the RDP group(P<0.05). Venn analysis showed 9 characteristic genera in the RDP group and 2 in the SDP group. Functional prediction suggested enhanced pathways related to transport and catabolism, one carbon pool by folate, and other glycan degradation in the RDP group, while energy metabolism was elevated in the SDP group(P<0.05). In conclusion, different protein sources could affect the composition and functions of jejunal bacteria in raccoon dog, providing insights for protein source selection and targeted microecological regulation during the rearing stage.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13326/j.jea.2026.2198
中图分类号:S865.24
引用信息:
[1]于少晨,刘乾乐,邓蕊佳,等.不同蛋白源饲料对仔貉空肠菌群组成、结构与功能的影响[J].经济动物学报,2026,30(02):135-143.DOI:10.13326/j.jea.2026.2198.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1302000）; 吉林省标准化项目（DBXM088-2024）; 吉林省畜禽优良品种后补助项目（20250339）
2026-01-22
2026-01-22
2026-01-22