经济动物学报

玛曲马鹿资源群是全国第三次畜禽遗传资源普查中发现的马鹿新资源，相关研究尚无报道。本研究旨在阐明其体重与体尺、茸重与茸尺的相关关系，明确其在国内马鹿种群中的表型地位，为选育利用提供参考。试验选取健康成年玛曲马鹿52头，测定体重、体尺及茸重、茸尺指标，采用相关分析、逐步回归与通径分析构建预测模型，并结合其他7个不同马鹿种群表型数据进行比较与聚类分析。结果表明：玛曲马鹿胸围(Xt₃)与体重(Yt)呈极显著正相关(P ＜0.01)，体高(Xt₁)、体长(Xt₂)和管围(Xt₅)与体重呈显著正相关(P ＜0.05)；左侧茸重(Yr)主干长度(Xr₁)_、主干围度(Xr₂)和嘴头围度(Xr₁₀)呈极显著正相关(P ＜0.01)，与冰枝围度(Xr₆)、中枝长度(Xr₇)、眉二间距(Xr₈)呈显著正相关(P ＜0.05)；右侧Yr与Xr₁、Xr₂、Xr₆和Xr₁₀呈极显著正相关(P ＜0.01)，与冰枝长度(Xr₅)、Xr₇呈显著相关(P ＜0.05)；玛曲马鹿群体表型较其他马鹿群体中等偏下，与肃南、天山马鹿为同一聚类，胸围与胸深优于除阿勒泰、阿山等大体型生态型外的多数马鹿种群。综上，胸围、体高、管围及嘴头围度、主干围度可作为玛曲马鹿体重与茸重协同选育的关键指标；其体型结构与肃南马鹿、天山马鹿相近，可供借鉴二者的饲养管理模式，以促进群体扩繁与性能提升。

The Maqu Wapiti resource population is a newly identified wapiti resource discovered during the Third National Survey of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources， with no prior research reported. This study aims to elucidate the correlations between body weight and body measurements， as well as between antler weight and antler measurements， to clarify its phenotypic status among domestic wapiti populations， and to provide a reference for selective breeding. A total of 52 healthy adult Maqu Wapiti were selected， and their body weight， body measurements， antler weight， and antler measurements were recorded. Correlation analysis， stepwise regression， and path analysis were employed to construct predictive models， and phenotypic data from seven other wapiti populations were incorporated for comparative and cluster analysis. The results showed that chest girth (Xt₃) was extremely significantly correlated with body weight (Yt) (P < 0.01)， while withers height (Xt1)， body length (Xt₂)， and cannon circumference (Xt₅) were significantly correlated with body weight (P < 0.05). Left antler weight (Yr) was extremely significantly correlated with main beam length (Xr₁)， main beam circumference (Xr₂)， and brow tine circumference (Xr₁₀) (P < 0.01)， and significantly correlated with bay tine circumference (Xr₆)， trez tine length (Xr₇)， and distance between brow and second tine (Xr₈) (P < 0.05). Right antler weight was extremely significantly correlated with Xr1， Xr2， Xr6， and Xr10 (P < 0.01)， and significantly correlated with bay tine length (Xr₅) and Xr₇ (P < 0.05). Phenotypically， the Maqu Wapiti population ranked moderately low among the compared populations， clustering with the Sunan and Tianshan wapiti populations， while exhibiting greater chest girth and chest depth than most wapiti populations except for large-bodied ecotypes such as Altay and Arshan. In conclusion， chest girth， withers height， cannon circumference， brow tine circumference， and main beam circumference can serve as key indicators for the synergistic selection of body weight and antler weight in Maqu Wapiti. Given its morphological similarity to Sunan and Tianshan wapiti， the feeding and management practices applied to these populations may be adopted to accelerate herd expansion and performance improvement.