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犬作为人类的宠物和伴侣动物，对其进行研究多采用表型观察及血液、粪便等评价，具有较大的局限性。而狐、貉与犬同属犬科动物，且作为常见特种经济动物，养殖数量较多并允许屠宰解剖，本团队期望通过一系列研究，用狐、貉代替犬开展饲料评价与健康预测。本试验旨在进一步研究相同饮食条件下比格犬、北极狐、乌苏里貉三种犬科动物消化代谢及粪便菌群的差异，以期通过其差异来分析粪便菌群与消化代谢间的关系。试验分别选取成年雌性比格犬(年龄为1～2岁，体重为18.39±2.88 kg)、北极狐(年龄为1～2岁，体重为7.05±0.52 kg)、乌苏里貉(年龄为1～2岁，体重为5.58±0.85 kg)各10只，分别独立分为1组(每种动物为1组)，预饲期7d，正试期28d。结果表明:1)比格犬碳水化合物消化率显著高于北极狐(P<0.05);单位代谢体重平均日增重和粪便评分北极狐显著高于比格犬、乌苏里貉(P<0.05);尿氮、氮沉积比格犬显著高于北极狐、乌苏里貉(P<0.05);净蛋白利用率、蛋白质生物学价值北极狐显著高于比格犬、乌苏里貉(P<0.05)。2)Chao1指数、可观测物种乌苏里貉显著高于比格犬、北极狐(P<0.05)，Shannon指数、Simpson指数北极狐显著低于比格犬、乌苏里貉(P<0.05)。3)厚壁菌门相对丰度北极狐显著高于比格犬、乌苏里貉(P<0.05);梭菌门相对丰度比格犬显著高于北极狐、乌苏里貉(P<0.05);拟杆菌门、脱硫杆菌门相对丰度乌苏里貉显著高于比格犬、北极狐(P<0.05)。乳杆菌属相对丰度北极狐显著高于比格犬、乌苏里貉(P<0.05);艰难梭菌属、梭杆菌属相对丰度比格犬显著高于北极狐、乌苏里貉(P<0.05);普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度乌苏里貉显著高于比格犬、北极狐(P<0.05)。乌苏里貉粪便菌群丰度在比格犬、北极狐、乌苏里貉中最高，三种动物粪便菌群门水平组成相似且优势菌门均为厚壁菌门，属水平优势菌门比格犬、北极狐、乌苏里貉间存在差异;比格犬、北极狐、乌苏里貉粪便菌群各自聚类。比格犬、北极狐、乌苏里貉三者粪便菌群组成结构相似但又有着不同的菌群丰度，这些差异可能与基因层面有关，为我们提供了一条新思路即长期驯化会导致饮食结构改变进而影响动物粪便菌群。
Abstract：Dogs， as pets and companion animals for humans， are often studied through phenotypic observation and evaluations of blood， feces， etc.， which have considerable limitations. Arctic foxes and Ussuri raccoon dogs belong to the same family as dogs and are common special economic animals with a large breeding population and allowed for slaughter and dissection. Our team hopes to conduct a series of studies using foxes and Ussuri raccoon dogs to replace dogs in feed evaluation and health prediction. This experiment aims to study the differences in digestive metabolism and gut microbiota among three canid species: Beagle dogs， Arctic foxes， and Ussuri raccoon dogs， under the same dietary conditions， in order to analyze the impact of gut microbiota on digestive metabolism through these differences. Ten adult female Beagle dogs (weight 18.39±2.88 kg)， ten female Arctic foxes in the reproductive interval (weight 7.05±0.52 kg)， and ten female Ussuri raccoon dogs in the reproductive interval (weight 5.58±0.85 kg) were selected and independently divided into one group each (one group per species)， with a pre-feeding period of 7 days and a trial period of 28 days. The results showed: 1) The carbohydrate digestibility of Beagle dogs was significantly higher than that of Arctic foxes (P < 0.05); the average daily weight gain per metabolic body weight and fecal score of Arctic foxes were significantly higher than those of Beagle dogs and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05); urinary nitrogen and nitrogen deposition were significantly higher in Beagle dogs than in Arctic foxes and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05); the net protein utilization and biological value of protein were significantly higher in Arctic foxes than in Beagle dogs and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05). 2) The Chao1 index and observed species in Ussuri raccoon dogs were significantly higher than those in Beagle dogs and Arctic foxes (P < 0.05)， while the Shannon index and Simpson index were significantly lower in Arctic foxes compared to Beagle dogs and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05). 3) The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher in Arctic foxes than in Beagle dogs and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05); the relative abundance of Clostridia was significantly higher in Beagle dogs than in Arctic foxes and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05); the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Desulfobacteria was significantly higher in Ussuri raccoon dogs than in Beagle dogs and Arctic foxes (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly higher in Arctic foxes than in Beagle dogs and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05); the relative abundances of Clostridium and Clostridiales were significantly higher in Beagle dogs than in Arctic foxes and Ussuri raccoon dogs (P < 0.05); the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly higher in Ussuri raccoon dogs than in Beagle dogs and Arctic foxes (P < 0.05). Among Beagle dogs， Arctic foxes， and Ussuri raccoon dogs， Ussuri raccoon dogs had the highest gut microbiota abundance. The phylum-level composition of the three animals was similar with Firmicutes being the dominant phylum， while there were differences at the genus level among Beagle dogs， Arctic foxes， and Ussuri raccoon dogs. The gut microbiotas of the three species clustered separately. The gut microbiota composition structures of Beagle dogs， Arctic foxes， and Ussuri raccoon dogs were similar but had different microbial abundances， which may be related to genetic factors. This provides a new insight that long-term domestication may lead to dietary structure changes， thereby affecting the gut microbiota of animals.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S852.6
引用信息:
[1]李鑫康,赵梦迪,王奕昕,等.比格犬、北极狐、乌苏里貉粪便菌群比较[J].经济动物学报().
基金信息:
青岛农业大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目（1121021）
2025-12-26
2025-12-26
2025-12-26