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家畜精子冷冻保存技术是种质资源保护与家畜繁殖的重要手段。但在冷冻过程中不可避免的低温损伤会降低精子的冷冻存活率和解冻后的受精能力，该技术在实际应用中仍存在技术瓶颈。因此，本文系统综述了冷冻保存对精子结构完整性、功能活性及运动亚群的多方面影响，探讨了冰晶形成、渗透压应激、氧化还原失衡及DNA损伤等内容。此外，本文重点总结了近年来精子冷冻技术的研究进展，包括冷冻性生物标记物的筛选与应用、新型冷冻保护剂的开发、以及精浆组分、抗氧化剂和抗冻蛋白等添加剂的辅助保护作用，同时特别关注了程序化冷冻技术、玻璃化冷冻技术和冻干保存技术等新兴技术的应用前景。最后，本文对家畜精子冷冻保存技术的未来发展方向提出了展望与建议。
Abstract：Livestock sperm cryopreservation technology is an important means for germplasm resource conservation and livestock reproduction. However， the inevitable cold damage during the freezing process reduces the cryosurvival rate of sperm and their fertilizing ability after thawing， creating technical bottlenecks in practical application. Therefore， this paper systematically reviews the multiple effects of cryopreservation on sperm structural integrity， functional activity， and motile subpopulations， and discusses ice crystal formation， osmotic stress， redox imbalance， and DNA damage. In addition， this paper highlights recent advances in sperm cryopreservation technology， including the screening and application of cryotolerance biomarkers， the development of novel cryoprotectants， and the auxiliary protective effects of additives such as seminal plasma components， antioxidants， and antifreeze proteins. Meanwhile， special attention is paid to the application prospects of emerging technologies such as programmable freezing， vitrification， and freeze-drying preservation. Finally， this paper presents prospects and suggestions for the future development of livestock sperm cryopreservation technology.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S814
引用信息:
[1]刘慧莹,周楠,姜怀志.家畜精子冷冻保存技术的研究进展[J].经济动物学报().
基金信息:
吉林省畜禽养殖成熟技术集成应用与示范推广项目（202504）
2026-03-11
2026-03-11
2026-03-11