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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是严重威胁养猪业的重要病原之一。为探究山东省PRRSV的遗传进化特征，本研究于2022-2023年间在山东省18个养殖场采集79份PRRSV阳性样本，对ORF5基因进行扩增与测序，并开展系统发育分析、核苷酸及推导氨基酸同源性、氨基酸变异特征及GP5 N-糖基化位点分析。系统发育分析结果显示，79株ORF5基因序列均属于PRRSV-2，主要分布于亚谱系1.8、亚谱系1.5和谱系8。山东省以亚谱系1.8为优势谱系（44/79），其占比由2022年的43.75%上升至2023年的63.83%。同源性分析表明，谱系8、亚谱系1.5和1.8的毒株间核苷酸和推导氨基酸相似性分别为97.7%-100%/96.0%-99.5%、91.7%-100%/89.6%-99.5%和84.6%-100%/81.1%-99.5%，而谱系8与谱系1间核苷酸和推导氨基酸相似性降低至80.4%-86.9%/78.6%-89.1%。氨基酸突变分析显示，GP5蛋白的信号肽、中和表位、T细胞表位和B细胞表位均存在氨基酸突变，其中10株病毒同时保留R13和R151毒力相关位点。N-糖基化位点分析共鉴定出2-5个潜在位点，其中N44和N51位点的糖基化修饰在各谱系中相对保守，不同谱系呈现特异的N-糖基化特征：谱系8在N35位、亚谱系1.5在N57位、亚谱系1.8在N50位，均为各谱系所特有。综上，山东省PRRSV流行呈现以亚谱系1.8为主导、多谱系共存的特征，ORF5基因推导氨基酸位点及N-糖基化位点存在不同程度的变异。本研究丰富了山东省PRRSV的分子流行病学数据，为该病的防控提供了理论参考。
Abstract：Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most significant pathogens posing a serious threat to the swine industry. To investigate the genetic evolutionary characteristics of PRRSV in Shandong Province， a total of 79 PRRSV-positive samples were collected from 18 pig farms in Shandong between 2022 and 2023. The ORF5 genes were amplified and sequenced， followed by phylogenetic analysis， nucleotide and deduced amino acid homology analysis， amino acid mutation profiling， and GP5 N-glycosylation site analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 79 ORF5 sequences belonged to PRRSV-2 and were primarily distributed in sublineage 1.8， sublineage 1.5， and lineage 8. Sublineage 1.8 was the dominant lineage in Shandong (44/79)， with its proportion increasing from 43.75% in 2022 to 63.83% in 2023. Homology analysis showed that the nucleotide and deduced amino acid similarities among strains within lineage 8， sublineage 1.5， and sublineage 1.8 ranged from 97.7% to 100% and 96.0% to 99.5%， from 91.7% to 100% and 89.6% to 99.5%， and from 84.6% to 100% and 81.1% to 99.5%， respectively， whereas those between lineage 8 and lineage 1 were lower， ranging from 80.4% to 86.9% for nucleotides and from 78.6% to 89.1% for amino acids. Amino acid mutation analysis indicated that mutations occurred in the signal peptide， neutralizing epitope， T-cell epitope， and B-cell epitope of the GP5 protein. Notably， ten strains simultaneously retained both R13 and R151 virulence-associated residues. N-glycosylation site analysis identified 2-5 potential sites， among which glycosylation at positions N44 and N51 was relatively conserved across lineages. Lineage-specific N-glycosylation patterns were also observed: lineage 8 uniquely possessed a glycosylation site at N35， sublineage 1.5 at N57， and sublineage 1.8 at N50. In conclusion， PRRSV epidemics in Shandong Province are characterized by the predominance of sublineage 1.8 with co-circulation of multiple lineages. The deduced amino acid sites and N-glycosylation sites of the ORF5 gene exhibited varying degrees of variation. This study enriches the molecular epidemiological data of PRRSV in Shandong Province and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of the disease.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:S852.651
引用信息:
[1]王雅,仲宇思,周可鑫,等.山东省PRRSV的ORF5基因遗传进化分析[J].经济动物学报().
基金信息:
吉林省教育厅科学研究项目（JJKH20261610KJ）
2026-05-13
2026-05-13
2026-05-13