中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

从文化哲学的视野来看，“自然”观念是支撑生态文明建设的哲学元范畴。随着工业化的推进，主体与客体相分离的二元论日益成为主流认知论构架，由此产生了以“作为对象性存在物的自然”和“作为主体存在尺度的自然”为内核的近代自然观。资本主义生产方式在主导工业化进程的同时，也吸纳与改造了近代自然观，孕育出“控制自然”和“回到自然”两个表面对立、实质统一的观念体系。生态文明作为一种扬弃资本主义工业文明的文明新样态，不能满足于以“回到自然”批判“控制自然”。应立足于以唯物史观为内核的马克思主义文化哲学方法论，探索更适切于生态文明建设的“自然”观念。其一，摆脱近代形而上学的“自因自然”本体论，把经由一定历史环境中介的自然视为社会的本质。其二，以反思性综合的态度对待传统的“自然”观念，既将它们视作观察特定时代的社会存在的窗口，又通过观念间的相互参照破除个别观念的先验幻象。其三，持续推进“自然”观念在新的社会机体中的再生产，使其更好地服务于人与环境在更高历史发展阶段上的统一。

From the perspective of cultural philosophy, the notion of “nature” serves as a fundamental philosophical category for the construction of ecological civilization. With the advancement of industrialization, the dualistic separation of subject and object has increasingly become the dominant epistemological framework, giving rise to a modern view of nature centered on “nature as an objective existence” and “nature as the measure of subjective existence”. While capitalist mode of production drives industrialization, it also absorbs and transforms this modern view of nature, fostering two ostensibly opposing yet essentially unified conceptual systems—“dominating nature” and “returning to nature”. As a new form of civilization that transcends capitalist industrial civilization, ecological civilization cannot simply critique “dominating nature” by advocating “returning to nature”. Instead, it must comprehensively reshape the notion of “nature” with Marx and Engels' s Method. Firstly, it should move beyond the metaphysical “self-caused nature” ontology in modern philosophy, reconceptualizing nature as “historical nature”. Secondly, it should adopt a reflective and integrative approach to traditional notions of “nature”, treating them both as windows to observe social existence in specific eras and as means to dismantle the transcendental illusions of individual notions through crossreferencing. Thirdly, it must continuously reproduce the notion of “nature” within newly-developed social structures, enabling it to facilitate the unity of humans and the environment at higher stages of historical development.