中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

生态用水保障是美丽河湖建设的重要基础，也是提升水生态系统气候变化适应能力的关键举措。在法典与水资源专门立法并行的“双法源”格局下，《生态环境法典》构建起生态用水保障的规范框架，《水法》等水资源专门立法在未来修改过程中则需要与法典形成有效衔接。生态用水作为一项起源于自然科学领域并被赋予法律意义的概念，既来源于对自然事实的抽象，又承载着生态环境保护的特殊价值。生态用水保障的核心内容体现在基本生态用水、生态流量和生态修复用水这三个方面，在功能定位上分别对应水生态系统的最低要求、常态运行需求以及生态修复需要。生态用水保障并非要建立一套完全独立的制度体系，而是需要嵌入现行水资源管理制度框架，才能够具备可操作性。对此，在水资源立法完善过程中，应当通过定义条款，明确生态用水的涵义及其保障目标，厘清不同概念之间的关系；通过在取用水总量控制、取水许可等制度中融入生态用水保障需求，构建相互关联、运行有效的生态用水保障规范体系，进而实现法典内部、外部制度规范的协调统一。

Ensuring ecological water is a crucial foundation for the construction of beautiful rivers and lakes, as well as a key measure to enhance the resilience of aquatic ecosystems to climate change. Under the dual legal framework formed by the parallel existence of the Code and water resources legislation, the Ecological and Environmental Code establishes a normative structure for the guarantee of ecological water. Water resources laws such as the Water Law need to further elaborate and implement the provisions of the Code in future amendments. As a concept originating from the natural sciences and endowed with legal significance, ecological water is derived from the abstraction of natural facts while carrying specific values related to environmental protection. The core content of ecological water is reflected in three concepts: Basic ecological water, ecological flow, and water for ecological restoration. Functionally, these correspond to the minimum requirements for aquatic ecosystems, the needs for normal operation, and ecological restoration, respectively. The guarantee of ecological water needs to be embedded within the existing framework of water resources management regulations to become operational. In this regard, during the process of legislative refinement, it is essential to clarify the meaning and objectives of ecological water through definition clauses, and to delineate the relationships among different concepts. Furthermore, by integrating the requirements for ecological water protection into existing systems such as total water withdrawal control and water withdrawal permits, a coherent and effectively functioning normative system for ecological water protection can be established, thereby achieving coordination and unification of the legal norms both within and outside the Code.