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在全球能源转型加速与我国“双碳”战略纵深推进的背景下，光伏项目规模化开发对区域生态环境的影响日益受到学界与决策层关注。现有研究多聚焦局地尺度的生态效应分析，尚缺乏从宏观层面系统评估光伏开发对生物多样性的综合影响及其作用机理。鉴于此，本文以中国光伏扶贫项目为准自然实验，基于2010—2024年全国2308个县域面板数据，采用多时点双重差分模型，系统识别光伏项目建设对县域生物多样性的影响效应、作用机制与多维异质性特征。研究结果表明，光伏项目建设显著提升了县域生物多样性水平，该结论在经过多重稳健性检验与内生性处理后依然稳健。异质性分析显示，光伏扶贫的生物多样性提升效应在普通区县、西部地区、非资源型县域以及暖温带半湿润、中温带半干旱气候区更为显著，而在边缘热带半湿润地区则表现为负向影响。机制检验证实，光伏项目可通过改善区域植被覆盖(NDVI显著上升)、强化环境净化效应(显著降低PM2.5与N_2O排放)双路径协同促进生物多样性提升。本文从全国县域尺度揭示了光伏开发对生物多样性的正向生态效应及其空间分异规律，研究结论可为统筹推进能源转型与生物多样性保护、实现生态效益与社会效益协同增效提供重要实证依据与政策参考。
Abstract：Against the backdrop of accelerating global energy transition and the in-depth advancement of China's “Dual Carbon” strategy, the impact of large-scale photovoltaic development on the regional ecologi?cal environment has drawn increasing attention from academia and policymakers. Existing studies mostly focus on the analysis of ecological effects at the local scale, and there is still a lack of systematic assessment of the comprehensive impact of photovoltaic development on biodiversity and its mechanism at the macro level. In view of this, this paper takes China's photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects as a quasi-natural experi?ment. Based on the panel data of 2 308 counties nationwide from 2010 to 2024, this study uses a timevarying difference-in-differences model to systematically identify the effect, mechanism and multidimensional heterogeneity of photovoltaic project construction on county-level biodiversity. The results show that photovoltaic project construction significantly improves county-level biodiversity, and this conclusion remains robust after multiple robustness tests and endogeneity treatments. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the biodiversity enhancement effect of photovoltaic poverty alleviation is more significant in ordinary counties, western regions, non-resource-based counties, and warm temperate semi-humid and midtemperate semi-arid climate zones, while it shows a negative impact in semi-humid peripheral tropical areas. Mechanism tests confirm that photovoltaic projects can synergistically promote biodiversity improvement through two paths: enhancing regional vegetation coverage(significant increase in NDVI) and strengthening environmental purification effects(significant reduction in PM2.5 and N_2O emissions). From the national county scale, this paper reveals the positive ecological effects of photovoltaic development on biodiversity and its spatial differentiation pattern. The conclusions can provide important empirical evidence and policy refer?ences for the coordinated promotion of energy transition and biodiversity conservation, as well as the synergis?tic improvement of ecological and social benefits.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16493/j.cnki.42-1627/c.20260601.001
中图分类号:X176;F426.61
引用信息:
[1]张明,李丽萍,王文文.“双碳”目标下光伏项目建设的生物多样性效应研究——来自全国县域面板数据的经验证据[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)().DOI:10.16493/j.cnki.42-1627/c.20260601.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目“自媒体视域下公众参与大气污染治理机理及保障机制研究”（72174195）; 江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“数字技术赋能减污降碳协同增效的驱动机制及提升策略研究”（2024SJZD064）
2026-06-01
2026-06-01
2026-06-01