中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

评估主权国家在全球气候治理体系中地位的一般性理论研究尚显不足，需要基于一般性分析框架和客观事实进行系统评估。全球气候治理体系中的国家地位表现在国家与这一体系的联系中，具体包括其与体系中心、主要行为主体、国际规范和国际规则的关系。通过剖析这些关系，由体系模式、地位评估维度、地位评估指标和地位评估结果四个方面所构成的评估框架便得以构建。依此框架，全球气候治理体系中的国家地位可在由高到低的谱系中得以确认，这一谱系包括四种典型地位：体系中心国、主要引领国、一般参与国和体系边缘国，国家间的地位差异共同构成了特定体系内的国家地位格局与权力结构，分析得出全球气候治理体系的中国地位为“主要引领国”。理论框架的构建和分析提示出提升中国在全球气候治理体系中地位的重要维度：靠近或成为体系中心，协调主要国家的规范性与自利性目标；多维度提升在主要国际组织中的制度化水平和非正式影响力；提升塑造和传播国际规范的能力；从国际规则的遵守者向制定者转变。中国地位的提升有助于中国特色的国际权力观和全球治理观发挥更大的国际影响力，实现全球治理规范属性和权力属性的有机统一，推动全球治理向纵深发展。

The general theoretical research on assessing the status of sovereign states in the global climate governance system is limited, and China's status in this system requires a systematic assessment based on a general analytical framework and objective facts. The status of a country in the global climate governance system is reflected in its connection with the system, including its relationship with architecture core, main actors, norms and rules. By analyzing these relationships, an assessment framework consisting of four aspects: system patterns, status assessment dimensions, status assessment indicators, and status assessment results can be constructed. According to this framework, the status of countries in the global climate governance system can be confirmed in a hierarchical system from high to low, which includes four typical positions: system-centric states, major leading states, general participating states, and system-peripheral states. The different statuses of these countries collectively form the inter-state status and power structure within a specific system. Studies in the field of climate governance have found that China is a “major leading state” in the global climate governance system. Theoretical framework construction and studies point out key dimensions for China to elevate its status in the global climate governance system: moving closer to or becoming the system's center while coordinating the normative and self-interested goals of major countries; enhancing institutionalized and informal influence in major international organizations through multiple channels; strengthening the ability to shape and disseminate international norms; and shifting from an adherent to a maker of international rules. A higher status for China will help the Chinese-style views on international power and global governance exert greater international influence, achieve the organic unity of global governance's normative and power attributes, and advance its in-depth development.