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呼吸道合胞病毒（Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）是5岁以下儿童下呼吸道感染以及住院的首要病因，易反复感染，也与反复喘息、哮喘、肺功能损害等长期后遗症有关，给儿童群体带来了显著的发病率和死亡率负担，亟需有效的干预措施。然而，目前尚无针对RSV的特异性治疗手段，因此疫苗和被动免疫制剂的研发已成为预防RSV感染的优先事项。现有研究证据表明，RSV表面附着蛋白和融合蛋白与病毒感染密切相关，是疫苗和抗病毒药物研发的关键靶点，这也推动了儿童疫苗、母体疫苗及长效单克隆抗体的快速研发。本文结合RSV病原学特征、疾病负担以及流行病学特征，重点探讨现有的预防策略及未来研究的重点方向。
Abstract：Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalizations in children under five years of age. RSV infection is characterized by frequent reinfections and has been associated with long-term sequelae, including recurrent wheezing, asthma, and impaired lung function. Consequently, RSV imposes a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, highlighting the urgent need for effective preventive interventions. Currently, no specific antiviral therapy for RSV infection is available, making the development of vaccines and passive immunization strategies a priority for disease prevention. Accumulating evidence indicates that the RSV surface glycoproteins, particularly the attachment(G) protein and the fusion(F) protein, play essential roles in viral entry and pathogenesis and represent key targets for vaccine and antiviral drug development. These advances have accelerated the development of pediatric vaccines, maternal vaccines, and long-acting monoclonal antibodies for RSV prevention. This review summarizes the pathogenic characteristics, disease burden, and epidemiological features of RSV infection, and discusses current preventive strategies as well as future research priorities.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R725.1
引用信息:
[1]吴旦,周屹,韩长磊,等.5岁以下儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染研究进展[J].病毒学报().
基金信息:
常州市科技计划应用基础研究专项（项目号：CJ20245050）,题目：5岁以下儿童重点呼吸道感染性疾病的监测与预警; 常州市“龙城医星”卫生青年科技人才托举工程（项目号：Lcyx2024006,Lcyx2025002）
2026-03-25
2026-03-25
2026-03-25