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目的 针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respirator syndrome virus, PRRSV)变异快、易与疫苗株重组且现有疫苗防控效果不理想等问题，通过体外试验筛选具有抗PRRSV活性的中药，并初步探究其抗病毒作用机制，以期为中药抗PRRSV研究奠定基础。方法 选取15种清热解毒类中药，采用体外细胞模型，通过CCK8法测定各中药在Marc-145和PAM-CD163细胞中的最大安全浓度，结合细胞病变观察、TCID50、RT-qPCR、Western blot及间接免疫荧光技术，综合评价中药抗病毒效果。对效果显著的中药进一步运用网络药理学和分子对接技术分析其抗PRRSV的活性成分、作用靶点及潜在机制。结果 综合两种细胞模型，共筛选出木芙蓉叶、卷柏、肿节风、野菊花、银杏叶和贯众这6种共同有效的中药。选取抑制效果最佳的肿节风进行深入分析，网络药理学结果显示，其主要活性成分为槲皮素，可作用于IL-6、IL-1β、IL-10、IFN-γ、TGF-β1、CASP3和CCL2等关键靶点。这些靶点显著富集于IL-17信号通路及细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等免疫炎症相关通路，主要参与慢性炎症反应、免疫应答调控及细胞分化等生物学过程。分子对接结果表明槲皮素与核心靶点具有较强的结合能力。结论 本研究成功筛选出6种具有抗PRRSV活性的中药，其中肿节风抑制效果最佳，其活性成分槲皮素通过多靶点、多通路的协同作用调控宿主免疫与炎症反应，从而有效抑制病毒复制，为中药抗PPRSV研究提供了重要理论依据。
Abstract：Objective Given the rapid mutation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2(PRRSV-2), its frequent recombination with vaccine strains, and the suboptimal protective efficacy of current vaccines, this study aimed to screen traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) with anti-PRRSV activity using in vitro assays and to preliminarily elucidate their antiviral mechanisms, thereby providing a foundation for TCMbased anti-PRRSV research. Methods Fifteen heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs were selected for evaluation. Using in vitro cell models, the maximum non-toxic concentrations of each TCM were determined in MARC-145 and PAM-CD163 cells by the CCK-8 assay. Antiviral activity was comprehensively assessed through cytopathic effect(CPE) observation, 50% tissue culture infectious dose(TCID50) assays, RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA). For TCMs showing significant antiviral effects, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were further performed to identify active components, potential targets, and underlying mechanisms against PRRSV. Results Across both cell models, six TCMs exhibited consistent antiviral activity: Hibiscus mutabilis leaves, Selaginella tamariscina, Sarcandra glabra, Chrysanthemum indicum, Ginkgo biloba leaves, and Cyrtomium fortunei. Among them, Sarcandra glabra showed the strongest inhibitory effect and was selected for further investigation. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that quercetin is its major active component, targeting key molecules including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, CASP3, and CCL2. These targets were significantly enriched in immune-and inflammation-related pathways, such as the IL-17 signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, which are involved in chronic inflammatory responses, immune regulation, and cell differentiation. Molecular docking results demonstrated strong binding affinities between quercetin and the core target proteins.Conclusion This study identified six traditional Chinese medicines with in vitro anti-PRRSV activity, among which Sarcandra glabra exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect. Its active component, quercetin, may suppress PRRSV replication by modulating host immune and inflammatory responses through synergistic multitarget and multi-pathway mechanisms. These findings provide important theoretical support for the development of TCM-based strategies against PRRSV.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250326
中图分类号:S853.74
引用信息:
[1]熊倩,陆小玉,梁康丽,等.15种中药体外抗PRRSV‑2的作用研究[J].病毒学报,2026,42(02):411-426.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250326.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金/地区科学基金项目（项目号：32060794）,题目：载脂蛋白BmRNA编辑酶催化样蛋白3F在PRRSV复制中的作用机制研究; 贵州大学自然科学专项（特岗）科研基金资助（项目号：贵大领军合字【2024】12号）; 贵州省百千万领军人才团队（项目号：黔科合人才BQW(2025)004）~~
2026-01-13
2026-01-13
2026-01-13