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目的 分析2023–2024流行季桂林地区B型流感病毒（Influenza B virus, IBV）的血凝素（Hemagglutinin,HA）和神经氨酸酶（Neuraminidase, NA）分子进化特征。方法 对400例流感样病例进行核酸检测，扩增IBV阳性样的HA与NA基因并测序，使用MEGA、DNAStar等软件，构建系统发育树，对抗原变异位点、耐药突变及糖基化位点进行分析。结果 2023年10月-2024年10月，桂林地区IBV主要在2023年冬及2024年春季流行，在400份流感样病例中检出率为18%。基因扩增获得26株桂林IBV的HA和NA序列。系统发育分析显示，26株桂林IBV均属1A.3a.2分支（C.5.7亚分支），与当前疫苗株同源性较高。在HA蛋白的发现15处变异，其中位于主要抗原决定簇5处：E128G(120环)、R141G(150环)、D197E(190螺旋)、198(190螺旋)和199(190螺旋)。NA蛋白未发现与耐药基因相关的变异，未发现糖基化位点的增减。结论 本流行季桂林地区B型流感病毒HA蛋白关键抗原表位已发生少量变异，NA蛋白则相对保守。流行株虽与疫苗株同源性较高，但抗原位点的变异提示存在抗原漂移的潜在风险。应持续加强对B型流感病毒的分子监测，以早期预警抗原漂移、指导流感精准防控。
Abstract：Objective To analyze the molecular evolutionary characteristics of the hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of influenza B virus(IBV) circulating in Guilin during the 2023 – 2024 epidemic season. Methods A total of 400 influenza-like illness(ILI) cases were screened for viral nucleic acids. HA and NA genes from IBV-positive samples were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA and DNAStar software, and analyses were performed to identify antigenic variation sites, antiviral resistance – associated mutations, and potential glycosylation sites. Results Between October 2023 and October 2024, IBV circulation in Guilin peaked in the winter of 2023 and the spring of 2024, with a detection rate of 18% among 400 ILI cases. A total of 26 HA and NA gene sequences of IBV strains were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 26 Guilin strains belonged to clade 1A. 3a. 2(subclade C. 5.7) and exhibited high genetic similarity to the current vaccine strain. Fifteen amino acid substitutions were identified in the HA protein, including five located in major antigenic sites: E128G(120-loop), R141G(150-loop), D197E(190-helix), and substitutions at positions 198 and 199(190-helix). No mutations associated with antiviral resistance were detected in the NA protein, and no gain or loss of glycosylation sites was observed. Conclusion During the 2023–2024 epidemic season, influenza B viruses circulating in Guilin showed limited amino acid substitutions in key antigenic epitopes of the HA protein, while the NA protein remained relatively conserved. Although the circulating strains were genetically similar to the vaccine strain, mutations at antigenic sites suggest a potential risk of antigenic drift. Continuous molecular surveillance of IBV is therefore essential for early detection of antigenic changes and for guiding influenza prevention and control strategies.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260042
中图分类号:R373.13
引用信息:
[1]曹锦,蔡茹,田文妍,等.桂林地区2023‑2024年B型流感病毒的HA和NA基因特征分析[J].病毒学报,2026,42(02):427-435.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260042.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划（项目号：2023YFC2308204）,题目：基于“整体观”的复方中药抗病毒感染性疾病中的作用机理研究; 安徽理工大学第一附属医院2023年度医学专项培养项目（项目号：YZ2023H1C005）,题目：2022-2024年中国大陆地区呼吸道病毒感染患者病毒病原谱分析及鼻病毒基因特征研究; 广州国家实验室专项项目（项目号：GZNL2024A01025）,题目：呼吸道高风险病原动态清单编制~~
2026-03-10
2026-03-10
2026-03-10