演示环境（数据为演示用途，非真实数据）

随着我国航天事业的不断发展,空间站的建成和常态化运行,以及各类科研和工程应用卫星的不断发射,行星轨道或人造卫星绕地球运转的轨道问题,成为一个在大学物理教学中应该予以初步介绍和简要分析的课题;而现有的教材和教学对这个问题大多一笔带过,未能提供充分的讨论。本文将在普通高等数学的知识范围内,从牛顿第二定律出发,结合角动量守恒的基础知识,给出两体问题中行星轨道的一种普遍解法,并对行星轨道曲线的形式和卫星变轨问题进行了简要分析与讨论。同时本文也给出了利用Mathematica软件进行数值和解析求解的代码与图形化结果展示。行星轨道问题作为经典力学一个很好的应用例证,通过对其的分析推导和讨论,能够有效的增强学生对经典力学中牛顿定律在实际应用中的认识,激发对物理学和航天事业的兴趣。

As the development of the aerospace industries in China, the construction and normal operation of China Space Station, and the launches of academic and engineering satellites, the problem of the orbits for planets or satellites has become an important topic which should be briefly introduced and simply analyzed in teaching of the general physics. However, in most of the current textbooks and teaching, the planetary orbit is just taken as a passing problem and does not supply sufficient discussions. With in the scope of the basic mathematical knowledge among undergraduates, we start from the Newton Laws combining the conservation of angular momentum to obtain a general solution to the problem of planetary orbit, and then briefly discuss the possible forms and orbital transfer problem for planet movement. Also we present the Mathematica code and corresponding results to solve the orbit equation numerically and analytically. As a good practice example of the classical dynamics, the analysis and derivation to the planetary orbit can effectively enhance students. understanding of the application of Newton.s Laws to practical problems in classical mechanics, and stimulate their interest in physics and aerospace.